스카치폴 discussion points

토론문 (13.5.11)

Theda Skocpol “A Critical Review of Barrington Moore's Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy”. Politics Society 1973 4: 1.

 

-The one general pattern of cross-class alliance that Moore discusses is alliance between agrarian (landed upper class) and urban upper classes (BG)

 

-The primary task undertaken by Social Origins is the explanation of changes in political arrangements which accompany the transformation of agrarian states into industrial nations. Significantly, the theoretical variables used to accomplish the task refer exclusively to intra-societal structures and processes. Variations of ultimate political outcomes of the modernizing process (Moore’s dependent variable) are explained by a combination of the strength of the commercial impulse and the type of class structure through which its effects are channeled.

 

-Modernization involves two major types of developmental structural changes: changes in economic institutions and technology from agricultural to industrial; and changes in political institutions from semi-bureaucratic and non-mass-mobilizing to some combination of fully bureaucratic and mass-mobilizing (typically through one or more political parties). Both processes occur under the impetus of foreign as well as domestic pressures.

 

-Economic and political organizations headquartered in the earlier modernized countries achieve the capacity to influence developments on a worldwide scale. Actually, prior to the twentieth-century rise of multinational corporations, competition among modernizing societies was mainly the competition of (agrarian-state or industrial-nation) state organizations.

 

-Today, the price for underdeveloped countries of either Western-style formal democracy or “conservative authoritarian” bureaucratic or military (de facto) dictatorship is stagnation or, at best, partial and warped industrialization through penetration by ”multinational” corporate capital.